“病有六不治”:中国最早的医学伦理准则

“Refusal to Treat under Six Conditions”, the Earliest Medical and Ethical Code in Ancient China

本文通过考察医学团体的形成，提出了医生行为准则的出现是这一过程的结果，论证了扁鹊的“六不治”原则是中国最早的医学伦理准则，并认为它与古希腊希波克拉底誓词在本质上是一致的，它是一种“外求式”的而不是“内省式”的医生行为准则，旨在维护医生的尊严而不是为了确保病人的利益。

In the paper the principle of physician′s “refusal to treat under six cases” was reviewed. It was the first ethical code for physician in ancient China. The emergence of ethical code for physician was the result of medical professionalism and the formation of the professional groups. The principle proposed by the famous physician BianQue in ancient China, like Hippocratic Oath, was an ethics of outer achievement rather than one of inner intention. It provided a framemork of medical behavior, and emerges as a powerful tool seeking to safeguard the reputation of the profession for its own sake rather than, in main, seeking to promote the patients′ good.