台湾的现代医药卫生(下)

Modern Medicine in Taiwan (Ⅱ)

台湾之人口增加迅速，由１９０６年之３００万人到１９４１年之６００万人，１９６４年１２００万人，１９９６年底，台湾地区人口总数已增至２１５０万余人。对此庞大人口提供医疗服务的各类医事人员共有１２万余人。每一万人有医师１２９１人（西医师１１５２人、中医师１３９人）、牙医师３３７人、药师９１３人。台湾地区之主要死因随时间之推移有很大的变化。日据时代死亡率最高之疟疾、肺炎、下痢肠炎和肺结核等，光复后，由急性传染病、消化系统疾病等所取代，目前恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、心脏病及糖尿病等已成为主要死因。由于公共卫生之发达，使许多传染性疾病得到控制或已杜绝，如台湾于１９５６年已成为疟疾根绝地区。

Taiwan′s population has undergone rapid growth. From 3000000 in 1906. It had grown to 6000000 by 1941. By the end of 1996 the total population had reached 21500000. This large population is served by over 120000 health professionals. For every 10000 people there are 12.91 doctors (including 11.52 Western medical doctors and 1.39 Chinese medical doctors), 3.37 dentists and 9.36 pharmacists. There has been a huge change in causes of mortality. Under the Japanese occupation, the main causes of death were malaria, pneumonia, dysentery, enteritis, and pulmonary tuberculosis. After the return to Chinese control, the main causes were acute contagious diseases and digestive tract disease. At present, malignant tumors, cerebrovascular accident, heart diseases, and diabetes are the main causes of death. With the development of the healthcare system, infectious diseases have been controlled or eliminated. Malaria was cradicated from the island in 1956.