6种枇杷属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察

SEM observation on the pollen morphology of six Eriobotrya plants

应用扫描电镜,对1个栽培品种(早钟6号),5个野生类型(椭圆枇杷、大渡河枇杷、栎叶枇杷、台湾枇杷、台湾枇杷恒春变型)的花粉进行了形态观察。结果表明,6种枇杷属植物的花粉粒均为长球形,具3条萌发沟,萌发沟以等间距环状分布,属于N3P4C5型花粉。6种枇杷属植物的花粉外壁属于条纹-穴状纹饰类型,外壁均具条嵴,嵴洼处散生有覆盖层穿孔,但条嵴及穿孔的形态和分布差异明显。最后,结合花粉形态的演化规律,对大渡河枇杷的系统学位置及枇杷属植物的起源与进化进行了讨论。

The pollen morphology of 6 species of Eriobotrya genus native to China, including a cultivar Zaozhong 6 and 5 wild species： E. elliptical Lindl. ,E. prinoides Rehd ＆ Wils var. dadunensis H. Z. Zhang,E. prinoides Rehd ＆ Wils,E. deflexa Nakai and E. deflexa Nakai var. koshunensis Nakai was observed under scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that their pollen grains were all prolate and all had 3 colposates, which annularly distributed in equal space ,and the pollens belonged to N3P4C5 model. The sculptural type of 6 Eriobotrya species was striate-foveolate with many stripes and teetum punctures in the exine sculptures. It is worth to stress that the morphology and distribution of the stripes and punctures are distinctly different among 6 species. Finally,the systematic location of E. prinoides Rehd ＆ Wils var. dadunensis H. Z. Zhang and the origin and evolution of Eriobotrya genus were discussed on the base of the evolution rules of botanic pollen.