石家庄近53a冬季气温变化特征

Temperature Characteristics in Winter of Shijiazhuang in Recent 53 Years

利用石家庄1955年1月至2008年4月逐日气温观测资料,分析讨论了石家庄冬季平均气温、寒冷日数、冷积温的变化特征以及冬季气温的突变和周期;研究了冬季变暖的背景下,石家庄冬季时间尺度的演变、冬季极端冷(暖)日的变化特征和严重冷(暖)冬的分布。结果表明:石家庄近53 a冬季气温明显上升,最低气温的上升对冬季增温的贡献较大,寒冷日数与冷积温均呈明显减少趋势;冬季气温在20世纪90年代发生突变,存在15 a和3 a左右的周期;近53 a冬季缩短了近4个候,主要体现在冬季结束时间的提前;冬季极端冷日日数呈显著减少趋势,极端暖日日数年际变化加大;严重冷冬均出现在20世纪80年代之前,而严重暖冬均出现在上世纪末到本世纪初。

By using the daily temperature from Jan 1955 to April 2008, the winter mean temperature, cold days, cold accumulated temperature and climate abrupt change as well as periods of winter temperature in Shijiazhuang were analyzed. The variation of extremely cold（warm） days in winter and the distribution of severe cold （warm） winters of Shijiazhuang under the background of the warming winter were discussed also. The results show that the winter temperature especially the lowest temperature increased obviously in the recent 53 years, and the cold days and the cold accumulated temperature reduced obviously. Winter temperature changed abruptly in the 1990s. Nearly twenty days shortened in winter in recent 53 years mainly for ahead of time of winter termination. The extreme cold days decreased evidently and yearly variation of the extreme high temperature days increased in winter. The severe cold winter occurred before the 1980s, and the severe warm winter occurred from the later 1990s to the early 2000s.