养护管理措施对地震后退化草坪恢复的影响

Effect of management practices on restoration of degraded turf

2008年6～7月对地震后搭建帐篷的不同退化程度草坪，采用4种恢复方式进行定位试验，开展草坪特征（草坪草绿色盖度、高度、密度、裸斑盖度、杂草盖度和高度等参数）和维管植物多样性调查。采用一般线性模型中的单变量多因素方差分析研究了处理方式，恢复时间以及二者的交互作用对草坪恢复的影响。研究结果表明：（1）随着搭建帐篷时间的延长，草坪的退化程度加剧。重度退化草坪较轻度退化草坪恢复需要更长的时间。（2）施肥加浇水较其他方式能显著提高轻度退化草坪草绿色盖度，降低枯落物盖度，增加杂草盖度。4种恢复方式对重度退化草坪恢复特征没有差异。（3）恢复1个月后，重度退化草坪草的盖度从1．80％±0．39％恢复到8．90％±2．51％，轻度退化草坪草的盖度从7．78％±1．79％恢复到10．98％±2．75％，恢复效果较差。恢复后草坪植物组成和丰富度发生了明显的变化。杂草从5种增加到19种。草坪草无芒雀麦的优势地位被生长速度快的莎草科植物单穗水蜈蚣和阔叶类植物积雪草代替。综合分析表明：以无芒雀麦为优势种的草坪受避灾干扰的影响较大，养护管理措施并不能促进轻度和重度退化草坪草的快速恢复，应采取重建方式进行恢复。

The effect of 4 restoration treatments,including fertilization, watering,fertilization and watering, natural restoration,on degraded turf caused by setting tents was studied from June to July in 2008 through measuring the coverage,height and density of turfgrass and weed. Univariate analysis was used to detect differ- ences of turf characteristics among 4 treatments, restoration time and their interaction. Results showed that： （1） the degraded degree of turf was accelerated along with time after putting up tents. The heavy-degraded turf need more time to restore than the slight-degraded. （2） Compared with other 3 treatments,fertilization and wa- tering could increase the coverage of turfgrass and weed in the slight--degraded turf but decreased the coverage of litter. The characteristics of turf had no significant difference among treatments in heavy- degraded turf. （3） After restoration, the coverage of turfgrass in heavy-degraded turf increased from 1.80 % ±0.39 % to 8.90 %± 2.51% and in slight-degraded turf increased from 7.78 %±1.79 % to 10. 98%±2.75 %. Plant composition was changed significantly. Dominant position of dominant turfgrass （Bromus inerrnis） was decreased, while the position of Kyllinga cororata and Centella asiatica were increased. The richness and number of weed increased from 5 to 19 after restoration. So the turf dominated by Bromus inermis was heavyly damaged. The management methods could not promote the restoration of degraded turf and it was better to reconstruct.