抗冻基因及其在基因工程中的应用研究进展

Antifreeze gene and its application in gene engineering

低温是限制植物分布与生长的重要因素,低温伤害是一种严重的自然灾害,全球每年因此造成农作物的损失高达数千亿美元。本文综述了抗寒基因研究中一些已分离和鉴定出的低温诱导表达基因,对抗冻基因的功能特性和作用机制进行了全面的回顾,总结了抗冻基因工程的研究方向,对典型抗冻基因的表达效果进行了比较分析,并提出此领域尚存在的一些问题及发展前景。

Hypothermia is to limit the distribution and growth of plants important factor, Low-temperature injury is a serious natural disasters,The world＇s crops eaeh year resulting in the loss of up to hundreds of billions of dollars. Antifreeze genetie engineering is the field of biotechnology has been one of the hot research. Cold resistance gene has attracted wide attention from many countries scholars since it was been diseovered. Many erops,especially fruits and vegetables, not only during eultivation in the fields, but also in post-harvest cold storage,frozen storage and frozen will be encountered during the processing of frozen injury. However, using eonventional breeding methods to improve the cold tolerance of crops will encounter many difficulties. With the development of molecular biology, gene cloning technology involved in the progressive study of plant cold- hardiness,In this paper, resistance gene has been isolated and identified some of the low-temperature-induced gene expression, function and antifreeze mechanisms of cold resistance gene are reviewed, frost summed up the direction of genetic engineering research,on the typical effects of antifreeze genes in a comparative analysis of expression,and put forward in this field are still some problems and prospeets.