万事胚胎于州县乎:《南部档案》所见清代县丞、巡检司法

Are Administrations begun from Counties:Xiancheng and Xunjian Judicial Organs Found in Nanbu Dicumentsin Qing Dynasty

学术界一般认为,县级衙门是清朝国家对地方控制最基层的行政设置,州县官作为正印官是国家行使司法裁决权的终点。但是,通过对《南部档案》的研究则证明县级以下的行政官员,如县丞、巡检等在其管辖区也具有司法裁断权。万事胚胎并非仅始于州县衙门,而是始于县以下的基层行政官署。

It is generally held in the academia that the Yamens of counties are the lowest local administration constitutions of Qing governance. Officials of states, who are normal and official, have the judicatory terminal point of the nation. It is proved in the article that officials of Xiancheng and Xunjian also have judicial powers in their areas. Embryos of basic administration do not begin from Yamens of counties, but from basic bureaus under counties.