潜艇官兵人格特征、应对方式及社会支持与心理应激的关系研究

Study on the relationship between personality, coping style, social support and mental stress in submariners

目的探讨潜艇官兵心理应激与人格特征、应对方式及社会支持的关系。方法对460名潜艇官兵进行量表测评，包括心理社会应激调查表（PSSG）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、特质应对问卷（TCSQ）和领悟社会支持量表（PSSS），数据采用SPSS 15．0和Amos 7．0进行统计分析。结果（1）潜艇官兵不同衔级组心理应激水平差异有统计学意义（F=12．12，P〈0．01），其中高级士官及军官组心理应激水平最高（51．46±25．19），义务兵组最低（35．63±16．94）；（2）潜艇官兵心理应激水平与神经质（0．77）、消极应对（0．63）和精神质（0．33）等呈高度正相关，与掩饰（-0．42）、社会支持（-0．33）、积极应对（-0．32）和内外向（-0．12）等呈显著或高度负相关；（3）多元逐步回归分析标准回归系数排在前5位的变量依次为神经质、消极应对、社会支持、掩饰、积极应对（标准回归系数依次为0．592、0．116、-0．106、-0．081、 -0．078）；（4）路径分析显示，神经质对潜艇官兵心理应激既有直接效应又有间接效应，且以直接效应为主（总效应0．744，直接效应0．640）；消极应对和社会支持对心理应激具有直接效应（分别为0．137、-0．117）；精神质、内外向和积极应对对心理应激具有间接效应（依次为0．055、-0．035、-0．023）。结论潜艇官兵心理应激水平受个性特征、应对方式及社会支持的影响。

Objective To study on the relationship between personality, coping style, social support and mental stress in 460 submariners. Methods 460 submariners were evaluated with Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups （ PSSG ） , Eysenck＇ s Personality Questionnaire （ EPQ ）, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ） , and Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS）. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0. Results Following results were obtained in the study. （ 1 ） There were significant differences in mental stress among submariners with different rank groups（ F = 12.12 ,P 〈 0.01 ） , with that of the officers and senior noncommissioned officer group （51.46 ± 25. 19） being the highest, and that of the enlisted group （35.63 ± 16. 94） the lowest. （2） Mental stress in submariners was positively correlated with neuroticism （0.77）, negative coping style（0.63 ） and psychoticism （0.33） , and negatively correlated with masking （ - 0.42 ） , social support （ - 0.33 ） , positive coping style （ - 0.32） and extraversion （ - 0.12）. （3） The first 5 variations listed in the multiple correlation regression analysis were neuroticism, negative coping style, social support, masking, positive coping style （ standardized coefficients were 0. 592, 0. 116, - 0. 106, - 0. 081, - 0. 078 respectively）. （4）Path analysis showed that neuroticism had both direct and indirect effects on mental stress in submariners ,with the direct effect as the main effect （tota] effects 0.744, direct effects 0. 640 ） ; Negative coping style and social support had direct effects on mental stress （0. 137 and -0.117 ） ;Psychoticism, extraversion and positive coping style had indirect effects on mental stress （0. 055, - 0.035, - 0.023 ）. Conclusions Personality, coping style and social support of submariners had significant influence on their mental stress.