我国不同栽培居群红花的组织构造及脂肪酸成分和含量比较

The tissue features and fatty acid constituents and content of Safflower cultivated populations

目的：探讨红花的种内变异及鉴别特征，为制订药、油兼用红花品种的质量评价指标，以及筛选优良栽培居群提供依据。方法：在资源调查的基础上，采集４大产地（新疆吉木萨尔、河南新乡、四川简阳和云南巍山）主要栽培居群红花的花和果实，常规制片进行显微构造观察；气相色谱法、外标曲线法测定不同栽培居群红花的脂肪酸成分和含量。结果和结论：不同栽培居群红花的果实组织构造存在差异，主要鉴别依据是外果皮石细胞胞壁增厚情况及胞腔大小。果实的油脂含量是花冠的４．０～４．５倍，花冠油脂中脂肪酸成分主要是棕榈酸（３２．７３％～３５．５３％），果实油脂中脂肪酸成分主要是亚油酸（４４．９４％～４８．６０％）。

Objective: To probe into the introspecific variations and distinguish the feature of Safflower( Carthamus tinctorius L.),and provide the basis for the establishment of quality evaluation index of the variaties used as both crude drug and oil, and breeding of fine cultivated populations. Methods: Based on the resources survey,collected main cultivated populations in four localities of China ( Xinjiang Jimusaer, Henan Xinxiang,Sichuan Jianyang and Yunnan Weishan),made rountine slices for micro observation,deter mined fatty acids contents of different populations by GC. Results and Conclusion : The fruit tissue features of the populations had differences .The wall thickening degree and the cavity size of stone cells on exocarp are main distinguished features.The fat content of fruit is as 4.0～4.5 times as that of flowers.There is mainly palmitic acid (32.73%～35.53%) in flower fat,while mainly linoleic acid (44.94%～48 60%) in fruit fat. The contents of oil and its linoleic acid in fruit of Jimusaer population are the highest in four populations.