论遗传资源获取与来源披露对专利授权的影响

The Impact of Access to Genetic Resources and Its Disclosure of Sources on Patent Right

随着生物技术的迅猛发展,遗传资源的价值越来越突显出来。在我国最新修改的《专利法》中对遗传资源的保护作了规定,但是存在一些值得商榷的地方。将遗传资源获取与来源披露同专利授权联系在一起,作为专利授权的条件,在理论和实践上都有不合理之处。在我国遗传资源保护的专门立法尚未出台,国际公约和其他国家立法不够完善,且存在很大分歧的情况下,我国应该在专利法中规定将遗传资源来源披露作为专利取得的独立形式要件;将遗传资源作为生物技术研发必不可少的物质技术条件,规定遗传资源提供者与生物技术开发者之间的利益分享,使遗传资源的保护与专利制度得到最好的衔接。

Along with the development of biotechnology, the value of genetic resources stood out more and more. The protection of genetic resources has been prescribed in the newly reivsed Patent Law of PRC. But there still some critical issues need further considerations. It is unreasonable in theory and practice that we recognize access and disclosure of origin of genetic resources as a condition of patent authorization, and which has not formulated specialized law protecting genetic resources. Because international convention and foreign laws are imperfect, and they are also different in significant fields. Thus the disclosure of origin of genetic resources in patent application as independent formal conditions, genetic resources as material and technological conditions of biotechnology, and benefit sharing between provider of genetic resources and developer of biotechnology shall be prescibed and the connection between protection of genetic resources and patent law system shall be promoted as well.