激光对卫星的威胁及其防护

Laser threat and its protection for the satellite

激光技术的广泛应用,由此带来的激光损伤和激光威胁日益严重。在现代高技术战争中,卫星的作用越来越重要,而激光反卫星武器的出现和发展,使卫星也面临着激光的威胁,因此,对卫星的激光防护材料和防护措施的研究具有重要的意义。介绍了激光反卫星武器的分类、性能、作用方式和关键技术;探讨了激光武器对星载光电传感器和材料的杀伤机理;总结了目前基于线性光学原理、非线性光学原理和相变光学原理的激光防护材料的性能、优缺点和改进措施,其中详细介绍了比较有发展潜力的富勒烯、卟啉和VO2薄膜激光防护材料;介绍了几种卫星结构材料的激光防护措施。这有助于对卫星的激光防护的重要性和技术手段的进一步认识。

Laser damage and threat are more and more serious with the wide applications of laser technology. The satellite plays an important role in modem high technology war. But it also faced with the laser threat with the appearance and development of laser anti-satellite weapon. So it is important to study the laser protective materials and measures of satellite. The classification, performance, mode of action and key technologies of laser anti-satellite weapon were introduced. The damage mechanism of the laser weapon to space-borne photoelectric sensor and materials was discussed. The capability, merits and faults, improvement measures of the laser protective materials, which were based on linear optical principle, nonlinear optical principle and optical phase transition principle respectively, were summarized. C60, Porphyrin and VO2 thin films with development potential were introduced in detail. Some laser protective measures of satellite structural material were introduced. This work is helpful to more understanding about the importance and technologies of laser protection of satellite.