离土中国与乡村文化的处境

Earth-Dissociated China and Situation of Rural Culture

20世纪90年代以来,大规模的农村劳动力的流动与转移改写了"乡土中国"的发展轨迹,同时也宣告了"离土"时代的到来。然而,农业社会的转型并未使乡村文化瓦解,农业凋敝与农村"虚空化"所衍生的社会问题,不过是乡村文化危机的表象,是"离土"之"形",那些根植并存活于乡土社会的生活观念和价值体系,乃"乡土"之"神","形散"而"神聚"才是乡村文化的实质。学界对乡村文化处于崩溃边缘的判断,忽视了对文化传统自身转换能力和惯性的认识,更多的是基于城市对乡村文化理想图景的想像。

Since 1990s,the movement and transfer of rural labour force on large scale have reshaped the process of development of 'earth-bounded China',which declared the coming of the 'earth-dissociated' age. However,the rural culture hasn't been destroyed by the transformation of the rural society. Those social problems resulted from agriculture depression,and rural 'void' are just the appearance of rural cultural crisis,the 'form' of 'earth-dissociated';the philosophy of life and value system rooted in earth-bounded society is the essence of rural culture,the 'spirit' of 'earth-bounded'. The essence of rural culture is 'appearance scattered' but 'spirit concentrated'. The judgment of rural culture on the edge of collapse made by authority,is of much imagination based on the ideal scheme towards rural culture from the standpoint of urban,neglecting the understanding of the self-transformative capacity of cultural tradition.