中国古代史学批评的基本范畴

Some Basic Terms of Chinese Ancient Historiography Criticism

范畴是对客观事物普遍本质的概括和反映,中国古代在对史学自身的反思和总结中,逐渐形成了许多史学批评的范畴,如:文与质、文与史、直与曲、创与循、名与实、简与繁、通代与断代、史法与史意,以及德、才、学、识等,这些范畴经历了一个由少而多、由朦胧到清晰、由简单到丰富的发展过程。这些基本范畴的形成和发展,奠定了中国古代史学批评的理论基础。

A term is a summary and reflection of the universal nature towards the objective things. During the long period of self-criticism and self-improvement,historians and scholars have invented some terms of historiography criticism,such as wording and facts,literature and historiography,accurate recording and inaccurate accounting,initiating and inheriting,name and nature,simplicity and complexity,general recording and recording limited in some dynasties,compiling methodology and significance of compiling,as well as virtue,talent,scholarship and knowledge and so on. The above terms developed from small number and from a primitive stage. The formation of these terms lay a solid foundation for historiography in ancient China.