玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾摄食量、生长和肌肉成分的影响

Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal on daily ration,growth,and nutrient ingredients in muscles of Litopenaeus vannamei

以凡纳滨对虾幼虾[体重(0.013 6±0.001 0)g]为试验对象,以鱼粉、豆粕、肉粉和花生粕为蛋白源配制对照饲料,用玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉配制3种与对照饲料等氮、等能的试验饲料,其中玉米蛋白粉用量为5%、10%和15%,分别替代鱼粉8.6%、17.2%和25.8%,饲喂凡纳滨对虾45 d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾摄食量、生长和肌肉成分的影响。结果表明,(1)试验饲料中玉米蛋白粉用量不超过10%,对凡纳滨对虾日均摄食量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)5%玉米蛋白粉组的生长效果最好,其相对增重率、增长率和饲料系数分别为2 542.8%、155.1%和1.58,前者显著高于对照组(P<0.05),后两者与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05);10%玉米蛋白粉组虾的生长和饲料系数与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05);15%组虾的生长显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对对虾肌肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P>0.05);对对虾肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸指数的影响也不显著(P>0.05)。(4)玉米蛋白粉在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的适宜用量为10%。

Increasing economical concerns regarding the use of fish meal in diets for shrimp have led to the development of replacement strategies where plant protein sources have received ample attention. Corn gluten meal, being one of the available plant protein sources, which is obtained as a by-product from corn, has a high protein level, and it is low in fiber, rich in vitamins B and E and is known to contain no antinutritional factors. In this study, the corn gluten meal as a dietary protein for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated. Four kinds of isocaioric, isonitrogenous diets were formulated. The control diet used fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal and peanut meal as the protein sources, and other three diets contained 5%, 10% and 15% of corn gluten meal respectively （replacing 8.6%, 17.2% and 25.8% of fish meal respectively ）. The juvenile shrimps with initial weight （ 0. 013 6 ± 0. 001 0 ） g were fed in aquarium indoor for 45 d at 28 ℃ Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal on growth, daily ration and nutrient ingredients in muscles of Litopenaeus vannamei were determined. The results showed that since dietary corn gluten meal level up to 10% did not significantly affect the mean daily ration （P 〉 0.05 ）, and 5 % treatment had the best growth parameters. Its weight gain （ WG）, length gain （LG） and feed conversion ratio （FCR） was 2 542. 8%, 155. 1% and 1. 58 respectively. WG was significantly higher than that of the control （ P 〈 0.05 ）, LG and FCR were not significantly different from those of the control （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The growth parameters of 10% treatment were not significantly different from those of the control（ P 〉0.05 ）, but those of 15% treatment were significantly lower than those of the control（ P 〈 0.05 ）. There were no significant differences in content of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash in muscles of Litopenaeus vannamei among treatments （ P 〉 0.05 ）, and the total amino acids （TAA）, essential amino acids （TEAA）, delicious amino acids （DAA） and essential amino acids index （EAAI） in muscles of Litopenaeus vannamei in corn gluten meal treatments were also not significantly different from those of the control（P 〉0.05）. 10% corn gluten meal in the feed for tested shrimps was suggested.