湖北沙湖冬季鸟类群落特征

Characteristics of avian communities in winter in Shahu of Hubei Province,China

2006年12月—2007年1月采用样线法对湖北沙湖自然保护区鸟类进行了调查,按照生境特征分为芦苇、草甸、农田、水域4个鸟类群落。共记录到鸟类76种,隶属12目28科,占湖北省鸟类种数456种的16.67%。其中,国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类各1种和10种;濒危物种1种,易危物种2种,稀有物种1种。鸟类群落总体α多样性指数(H′)为2.37,均匀性指数(J)为0.55,优势度(C)为0.17,4个鸟类群落的H′、J和C值分别为:1.67～2.44、0.50～0.86、0.11～0.26。β多样性指数分析表明:农田-草甸的鸟类群落相似性指数(Si)最高,为0.74,农田-水域的相似性指数最低,为0.40;Bray-Curtis指数(CN)最高值是芦苇-草甸的鸟类群落,为0.00640,最低值是水域-农田,为0.00022。生境间异质性和人为活动是影响沙湖冬季鸟类群落特征的主要因素。

By the method of line transect, a bird survey was conducted in the Shahu Nature Reserve of Hubei Province from December 2006 to January 2007. According to the habitat characteristics, the avian communities were classified into four catalogues, i. e. , reed community, grassland community, farmland community, and water area community. A total of 76 bird species was recorded, which belonged to 28 families and 12 orders, accounting for 16. 67% of 456 bird species in the Province. Among the bird species recorded, 1 species was in the Grade I and 10 species was in the Grade 11 national key protected birds, 1 species belonged to endangered species, 2 species belonged to vulnerable species, and 1 species belonged to rare species. The over- all a diversity index （H＇）, evenness （J）, and predominant index （C） of the avian communities were 2. 37, 0. 55, and 0. 17, and the H＇, J, and C were 1.67-2. 44, 0. 50-0. 86, and 0. 11- 0. 26, respectively. The similarity index （Si ） of farmland-grassland avian communities was the highest （0. 74） while that of farmland-water area avian communities was the lowest （0. 40）, and the Bray-Curtis （CN ） index of reed-grassland avian communities was the highest （0. 00640） while that of farmland-water area avian communities was the lowest （0. 00022）. Inter-habitat＇ s heterogeneity and human activities were the main factors affecting the characteristics of the avian community in Shahu in winter.