北方沙漠化地区生态移民中的关键问题

Key issues of ecological migration in northern deserted areas of China

对生态移民概念的内涵和外延进行了重新界定和梳理,认为生态移民是指为了保护某个地区特殊的生态或让某个地区的生态得到修复而进行的非自愿性移民,往往由政府组织实施。在此基础上,从沙漠化治理的逻辑悖论与危险人口阈值理论2个方面,探讨了我国北方地区生态移民与沙漠化正逆过程之间深层次的互动关系,指出生态移民在解决区域人地冲突的过程中存在有效的协调机制。最后,通过对内蒙古的巴林右旗"玛拉沁新村"和阿拉善左旗"孪井滩"2个移民项目的比较,对我国北方沙漠化地区生态移民的现实基础、特点与存在的问题进行了总结,并提出当前最紧迫的任务是做好生态移民项目的评估与监控工作,降低生态移民的经济、生态甚至社会风险。

In this paper, the concept of ecological migration was redefined, both in connotation and in extension. It was considered that ecological migration was the involuntary migration implemented by government, aimed to protect, restore and recover the seriously degraded local ecosystem. The underlying relationship between land desertification and ecological migration in northern China was analyzed from the aspects of self-examination of anti-desertification strategies and of population threshold for serious land degradation, which suggested that effective coordinating mechanism of human-land relationship could be worked via ecological migration activities. The groundwork, characteristics, and problems associated with the pilot projects of ecological migration in northern China were summarized after investigating two pilot ecological migration villages of Malaqin and Luanjingtan. The most urgent task at present was to push the assessment and monitoring work associated with ecological migration to reduce the economic, ecological, and societal risks.