生活污水生物处理领域中的CDM机会探讨

Study on Clean Development Mechanism in Biological Sewage Treatment

近年来,清洁发展机制(CDM)随着全球气候变化的加剧而迅速发展起来。以污水生物处理产生的重要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)为研究对象,从物质流(碳素流、氮素流、硫素流及磷素流)角度对污水生物处理中的CDM机会进行了探讨。结果表明:在污水生物处理领域中存在着较多的CDM机会。主要表现为:①好氧处理中高效节能充氧设备的选用及开发;②厌氧处理中光合细菌的光合作用固定CO2、强化厌氧过程中的H2产生及强化厌氧过程中的CH4产生以发展碳化工;③厌氧氨氧化及亚硝酸型硝化反硝化两种新型脱氮技术中存在着较多的CO2减量机会;④体系运行工况的优化及微生物种群的优化与调控,可有效地减少生物脱氮中产生的N2O;⑤优势微生物(聚磷菌)形成条件的优化。

With exacerbation of global climate change, clean development mechanism （CDM） has developed very rapidly in recent years. By material （as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur） flow, CDM potential was studied in the biological wastewater treatment with a view to important greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4 and N20. As a conclusion, there are many CDM opportunities in the biological wastewater treatment. For example, the choice and development of high-efficiency energy-saving equipment in the aerobic treatment, the fixation of CO2 by photosynthesis of photosynthetic bacteria in the anaerobic treatment, the enhancement of the hydrogen production in the anaerobic process, the enhancement of the methane production in the anaerobic process to develop carbonization technology, nitrosifieation denitrifieation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） in the biological nitrogen removal for their more CO2 reduction, the N2O reduction with the optimization of running condition and the optimization and regulation of microorganisms in the biological nitrogen removal, the optimization of conditions for producing phosphate-accumulating organisms, and so on, there are tremendous CDM potential in those processes.