上海居住区植物多样性的均质化

Homogenization of plant diversity in Shanghai residential areas

居住区植被是我国城市植被的重要组成体,其多样性的分布格局将影响城市植被的多样性.通过对上海市中心、市郊和郊县居住区的植被调查,比较了城乡梯度上居住区绿化观赏植物、杂草和自生逃逸植物的多样性和物种组成.结果表明:城乡梯度上,绿化观赏植物和杂草的丰富度不存在显著差异,而市郊自生逃逸植物的丰富度最高;不同城乡梯度居住区中,绿化观赏植物、杂草和自生逃逸植物的物种组成相似,其中40%～50%的物种为共有种.上海城镇居住区植物均质化的主要原因是几近雷同的居住区建造风格和绿化形式,制约了绿化植物的使用和异质生境的营造.

Residential area＇ s vegetation will become an important component of China＇ s urban vegetation, and the distribution pattern of its diversity will affect urban vegetation diversity. Based on the residential area＇ s vegetation investigation in the urban, suburban, and rural areas of Shanghai, the plant diversity and species composition in the residential areas along the urban-rural gradient were compared in terms of ornamental plants （ OP）, spontaneously occurring ornamental plants （SOOP）, and weeds. There was no significant difference in the species richness of OP and weeds along the gradient, but the richness of SOOP was the highest in suburban area. The species compositions of OP, SOOP, and weeds were similar in the residential areas along the gradient, with 40- 50% of all species occurring in more than one location. The main causes inducing the homogenization of plant diversity in Shanghai residential areas were the almost identical residential building styles and greening patterns, which limited the planting of greening plants and the construction of heterogeneous habitats.