两种配比的控释肥对杭白菊养分吸收和生长效应的影响

Effects of two controlled-release fertilizers with different proportions of N,P and K on the nutrient uptake and growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat

利用盆栽试验研究两种不同配比的控释复合肥CRFA(4%树脂包膜,N∶P2O5∶K2O为14∶14∶14)和CRFB(4%树脂包膜,N∶P2O5∶K2O为20∶8∶10)及普通复合肥CCF(N∶P2O5∶K2O为15∶15∶15)对杭白菊营养吸收和生长效应的影响.结果表明:普通复合肥CCF1(每盆6g氮素用量的CCF)和CCF2(每盆3g氮素用量的CCF)施入土壤后30d,土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量分别为163.29和145.26mg·kg-1、180.39和163.13mg·kg-1、300.08和213.15mg·kg-1,而后迅速下降.控释复合肥养分释放较慢,其土壤碱解氮含量在施肥后缓慢升高,在施肥后60d达到高峰,此时CRFA1(每盆6g氮素用量的CRFA)、CRFB1(每盆6g氮素用量的CRFB)、CRFA2(每盆3g氮素用量的CRFA)、CRFB2(每盆3g氮素用量的CRFB)分别为129.51、138.65、118.36、126.31mg·kg-1;CRFA1和CRFA2处理土壤有效磷含量与CCF处理变化趋势基本一致,施肥后30d分别达到169.54和133.46mg·kg-1,CRFB1和CRFB2处理在施肥后60d左右达到释放高峰,含量分别为137.13和84.68mg.kg-1,然后缓慢下降.两种不同养分配比的控释复合肥处理植株叶面积、叶面积系数、分枝数、开花率、每株花数、鲜花直径等农艺性状均明显优于等氮素用量的普通复合肥处理,其中CRFB控释效果优于CRFA,其更符合杭白菊对养分的需求,且在本试验条件下,CRFB2处理产量最高.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two controlled-release fertilizers CRFA （4% resin-coated, N： P2O5：K2O = 14： 14： 14） and CRFB （4% resin-coated, N： P2O5：K2O = 20： 8： 10） on the nutrient uptake and growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium, with common compound fertilizer CCF （N： P2O5：K2O = 15： 15： 15） as the control. Six treatments were installed, i. e. , CCF1 （CCF, 6 g N ·pot^-1）, CCF2 （CCF, 3 g N ·pot^-1）, CRFA1 （CRFA, 6 g ·pot^-1）, CRFA2 （CRFA, 3 g ·pot^-1） , CRFB1 （CRFB, 6 g ·pot^-1）, and CRFB （CRFB, 3 g ·pot^-1）. On the 30th day of applying common compound fertilizer CCF1 and CCF2, soil available N, P and K contents were 163.29 and 145.26 mg·kg^-1, 180. 39 and 163. 13 mg·kg^-1 , and 300. 08 and 213.15mg·kg^-1 respectively, and decreased rapidly since then. In treatments CRFA1 CRFB1 CRFA2, and CRFB, soil available N content increased slowly, and reached the peak on the 60th day after fertilizing, being 129. 51, 138.65, 118.36, and 126. 31 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Soil available P content had the same variation trend. Its maximum concentration was 169. 54 and 133.46 mg·kg^-1 in treatments CRFA1 and CRFA2 on the 30th day after fertilizing, and 137. 13 and 84.68 mg·kg^-1 in treatments CRFB1 and CRFB2 on the 60th day after fertilizing, and decreased slowly then. The agronomic traits such as leaf area, leaf area index, branch number, flowering rate, flower number, and flower diameter, etc. , in treatments CRFA and CRFB were obviously better than those of the control, and CRFB was better than CRFA, suggesting that CRFB more matched the nutrient demand of C. morifolium. Under the conditions of present experiment, applying CRFB2 obtained the highest yield.