社会资本视阈下两种农村民间组织比较研究——以湖南四县民间组织为例

Comparative Study on Two Types of Rural NGOs in the View of Social Capital——Taking the Rural NGOs in Four Counties in Hunan Province as an Example

目前活跃在农村的民间组织形式可分为两种不同的类型,传统型民间组织和合作化型民间组织。传统型民间组织多由农民自发组织起来,通过传统的宗族组织模式吸纳资源,以填补农村公共领域的缺失;合作化型民间组织的构成大多出于利益的驱动,部分是在当地政府的帮助下建立起来的,与当地政府之间有良好的合作关系。上述两种类型组织在农村治理模式变迁时,各自面临不同的发展瓶颈。在调查湖南省四县的农村民间组织的基础上,运用社会资本理论,通过分析这两类不同组织的社会资本构成,可知这种发展上的瓶颈来源于它们自身社会资本构成方式所导致的先天缺陷。传统型民间组织通过社会资本的叠加能很好地增益组织社会资本,对成员个体社会资本的增益较少;合作型民间组织虽可以更好地增益个人的社会资本,但在组织社会资本的聚合与增益方面有欠缺。

The NGOs which are active in rural areas can be divided into two different types-traditional NGOs and cooperative NGOs. The traditional NGOs are formed or organized by farmers spontaneously, and attract resources through traditional religious organizations to complement rural public organizations; most of the cooperatives NGOs are mainly driven by pursuing interests, and some of them are established under the help of local governments and therefore maintain a good cooperative relationship with local governments. Due to their different evolution traces, each is facing different development bottleneck in changing rural governance model. Based on the investigation of the rural NGOs in four counties in Hunan Province, this paper comparatively analyzes the social capital structure of two different types of NGOs and concludes that their developmental constraints root from their own social capital construction under social capital theory. The traditional NGOs, through the stack of social capital, can increase organizational social capital a lot, but individual social capital a little; the cooperative NGOs can bring more individual social capital,but less aggregation of organizational social capital.