三论信息的本质

Third Discussion On the Essence of Information

信息的完整功能存在于客体感知信息和主体操作信息的相互转换与交流之中。客体感知信息是来自客体的、反映客观环境中物质与能量的存在和运动的状况的信息,主体操作信息是主体产生的、引导主体在客观环境中追求其目的的实践活动的信息。通过主体控制中枢的信息处理,前者转换为后者,通过主体感受器对主体的操作活动与客体的相互作用的反映,后者转换为前者。两种信息相互依赖和促进,客体感知信息提供能动主体制定操作信息所依据的材料,并检验操作信息实施后所取得的效果;主体操作信息通过其实施,检验感知信息反映客观环境状况的真实性,并开辟新的认识视域。总之,能动主体是通过观察其与客体世界的相互作用来认识世界的,这使两种信息的相互转换和交流成为必然。

The complete function of information exists in the mutual transform and exchange between perceptive information of object and operative information of subject. The perceptive information of object stems from object and reflects the state of existence and movement of matter and energy in objective environment, whereas the operative information of subject is produced by subject and guide practical activity conducted by subject in objective environment to realize his purpose. The former transforms into the latter through information processing effected in the commanding center of subject, while the latter transforms into the former through subject receptor＇s reflection on the interaction of subjective operative activity with object. The informations of two types interdepend and promote each other： the perceptive information of object furnishes reference basis to commanding subject for his working out subjective operative information, and checks the actual effect of subjective operative information when the latter is carried out; the subject operative information through his putting into effect checks the reflecting exactitude of objective perceptive information on the state of objective environment, and opens new cognitive horizon. The mankind understands the world through observing his interaction with objective world, this makes the mutual transform and exchange between the informations of two types to become necessary.