东汉光武帝平定“彭宠之叛”史实考论

On "Peng Chong's Rebellion" Suppressed by Emperor Liu Xiu in the East Han Dynasty

东汉光武帝刘秀的"中兴之业"始于经营河北。而对渔阳郡的争夺,构成了其中非常重要的一个部分。在两汉之际,控制渔阳局面的彭宠,先归附更始政权,后来又投依"镇慰河北"的刘秀。彭宠所派出的渔阳精兵,与上谷太守耿况的军队,实为刘秀经营河北的核心军事力量。但是,东汉建武二年(公元26年)二月,彭宠却起兵造反,挥兵进攻幽州牧朱浮于蓟。这与同年正月发生的真定王刘杨谋反之事,先后相继,对刘秀经营河北大业形成了极大冲击。刘秀在处置彭宠之叛时,表现得十分宽容,甚至几近柔软寡断。分析从缓处理的原因,可能是刘秀为了笼络河北豪强势力而刻意作出的姿态。因为彭宠之叛,并非出自彭宠的初衷,而是出自刘秀亲信朱浮的刻意逼迫。当时人对朱浮的"生事"之举,多持非议。素以信守道德自我标榜的刘秀,在处理彭宠之叛时,势必顾及舆论评价。当然,为了笼络河北豪强势力,刘秀也有刻意作态的必要。刘秀的"中兴之业"由此显现出"道德战略"与"兵事战略"并重的特色。这是汉光武帝与汉高祖经略天下的大异其趣之处。

Liu Xiu＇s career began in Hebei. At the turn between the West and East Han dynasties, Peng Chong who controlled Yuyang submitted to Liu Xiu, so Peng＇s soldiers became one of the main forces of Liu Xiu. However, in the year 0026, Peng rebelled, which caused a big loss to Liu＇s career. When he defeated Peng and treated him, Liu hesitated and undecided how to deal with Peng. The reason for this is that Liu wanted to lasso influencing persons with intention, for Peng was forced to rebel by Zhu Fu, a favorite of Liu. Liu often boosted himself a person with the Way and Excellence, from -which we can see Liu＇s career going with moral and military features, and it is different from Liu Bang, the first emperor of the West Han dynasty in governing.