从宏观比较文学看中国传统文学的文化特性

The Cultural Features of Traditional Chinese Literature in the Angle of Macro Comparative Literature

研究与概括各民族文学及各国文学的特性,应该以民族(国家)文学为最基本单元、以世界文学为广阔平台,进行宏观的比较研究。在宏观比较文学的视域中,可以概括出中国传统文学的三个文化特性:其一,作家的官吏化造成了作家的非职业性、官场风气与官宦价值观对文学的渗透,致使作家思想不自由、写作时间与精力有限、作品数量偏少等缺陷;其二,"现世主义"态度使作家注重现世人生、缺乏宗教热情与来世关怀;其三,"非个性主义"倾向造成作家作品社会描写过剩,个性表现、自我解剖与忏悔精神贫弱,对内心世界与灵魂痛苦的深度探索不足。

When we research and generalize the features of various nations and countries, we should give a macro comparative research in which three features of traditional Chinese literature are generalized. First, writers as officials can t write freely because of their occupation, official style, values as well as time and energy. Second, they value real life instead of religious enthusiasm because of their attitudes towards reality. Third, they are more concerned about society than individuality, ego anatomy and confession, so there is no depth in exploring inner world and spiritual distress.