合浦珠母贝3个养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

Genetic Diversity of Three Cultured Populations of Chinese Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata Using Microsatellite DNA

采用微卫星分子标记对我国广东大亚湾、广西北海、海南三亚的合浦珠母贝养殖群体进行了遗传多样性分析。从49对引物中筛选出31对有效扩增引物,种群扩增获得9个多态位点,多态位点比例为29.03%。它们在3个群体共96个个体中产生了44个等位基因,平均每个位点产生4.889个。3个群体的平均期望杂合度分别为0.590、0.600、0.615;平均观察杂合度分别是0.393、0.425、0.325;平均多态信息含量PIC值分别是0.530、0.551、0.556。表明3个群体的遗传多样性处于较高水平。平均遗传偏离指数分别为-0.324、-0.336、-0.304;哈代-温伯格平衡检测发现,3个群体27个位点中21个位点偏离平衡状态。遗传分化和遗传距离分析表明,海南群体与广东群体之间的亲缘关系较近,而与广西群体的亲缘关系较远。

Genetic diversity of three cultured populations of Chinese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata from Daya Bay, Beihai and Sanya was analysed using microsatellite DNA. Among 49 pairs of primers designed, 31 pairs （63 % ） were effective for PCR amplification. The result shown that there were 9 polymorphic loci and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 29.03%. Total 44 alleles were observed at the 9 loci from 96 individuals, with an average of 4. 889 alleles per locus. Average expected and observed heterozygosities were 0. 590 and 0. 393, 0. 600 and 0. 425, 0. 615 and 0. 415 for the three populations, respectively. Average polymorphism information contents were 0. 530, 0. 551 and 0. 556 and D values of heterozygote deviation were - 0. 324, - 0. 336 and - 0. 304 for the three populations, respectively. Chi-square tests showed that 21 cases out of 27 in the three populations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic differentiation and genetic distance analysis showed that Sanya and Daya populations were genetically close while Sanya and Beihai populations were distant.