挪威水电开发与生态环境保护

Experience and Revelation of Hydropower Development and Eco-environment Protection in Norway

挪威水电开发历史悠久,在长期的发展过程中,积累了丰富的水电开发技术和管理经验,形成了成熟完善的管理制度和法律体系,保障了水电开发科学有序进行。为减缓水电开发对生态环境的不利影响,挪威通过设定严格的环境影响评价和许可论证制度、建立环境保护基金、规定最小河流流量等措施维护河流生态健康,促进了水资源的可持续发展。挪威以本国廉价的水电资源开发促进了高耗能工业的发展,获得了强有力的国际市场竞争能力,为国内经济发展奠定了稳定基础。总结了挪威水电开发过程中生态环境保护方面所取得的经验,以期对我国水电的建设和发展提供借鉴和参考。

Hydropower development in Norway has a long history, rich experiences about technology and management in hydropower has been accumulated, managing and legal system become more and more perfect, which ensure the hydropower development process scientifically and orderly. To alleviate the impact of hydropower development on eco-environment, the Norwegian government established a strict environmental impact assessment system and lieence system, set a fun for eco-environment protection, prescribed the least flux of rivers and so on. And all these measures accelerate continuable development of water resource in Norway. Based on the low-cost hydropower resource, high energy consumption industry in Norway develops rapidly, and takes up a position during the competition of international market, which lays a foundation for internal economic development This paper summarizes the experience of hydropower development and eco-environment protection in Norway, which may provide some references for hydropower development in China.