先秦儒学是中国历代农民起义的理论依据

The Basis of Peasants' Revolt Theory——Pre-Qin Confucianism

孔子的政治理想是恢复西周礼乐相依的"德政",是一位非常注重"礼"的思想家,但是,孔子的政治理想与春秋时期的社会现实具有尖锐的冲突。本文从孔子与子路非同寻常的关系中探究了孔子晚年急于投身于现实政治的思想背景。孟子的"变置"理论是对孔子相关思想的继承和发展,孟子的"仁政"学说因为有性善论、自由论和民本思想作为基础,因而,在国家权力的合法性问题上孟子就必然要提出何以面对"独夫民贼"的问题。中国历代的农民起义在孟子的理论中明显吸取了丰富的营养,这是不容置疑的事实。

The political ideal of Confucius, the thinker who attached great importance to＂ etiquette ＂, was to restore the ＂benevolent policy＂ which etiquette and music depended on in Western Zhou Dynasty. But there was a sharp conflict between the social reality of the Spring and Autumn Period and Confucian politics ideal. Based on the uncommon relationship between Confucius and Zi Lu, the article is to probe into Confucius＇ s thinking background of devoting himself to the real politics when he was old. The ＂change＂ theory of Mencius was the inheritance and development of Confucian relevant thought. Because the doctrines of ideal personality, freedom and people-centered are the basis of ＂benevolent governance＂ , Mencius was certain to put forward the problem of how to face ＂autocrat and traitor to the people＂ concerning the legality of state power. It is an undoubted fact that Chinese peasants＇ revolts in all the past dynasties obviously absorbed rich nutrition from the theory of Mencius.