澳门地区高血压调查分析

A Survey on Prevalence of Hypertension in Macao Area

目的掌握澳门地区高血压现状和人群血压水平。方法于１９９６年１０～１２月间，按照《全国１９９１年高血压抽样调查工作手册》的要求，对澳门地区≥１５岁的常住居民５１７７名，采用标准化调查方法，在严格质控下进行调查和血压测定。结果高血压患病粗率为２９４６％，标化患病率为２０４５％。按国内患病率标准划分属高血压高发区。收缩压及舒张压均值：男性１７１８ｋＰａ（１２８８２ｍｍＨｇ）、１０８６ｋＰａ（８１４７ｍｍＨｇ），女性１６３２ｋＰａ（１２２３８ｍｍＨｇ）、１０１５ｋＰａ（７６１５ｍｍＨｇ），高于国内广东省和北京市。高血压患病率男性高于女性。患病率增幅３５岁以后较快，与国内相似。同年龄组的新移民较原居民患病率低。结论本地区高血压流行状况相当严峻，是不容忽视的社会公共卫生问题。必须加强健康教育和健康促进活动，切实做好高血压的一。

Objective To study the prevalence of hypertension and population blood pressure levels in Macao area. Methods According to requirements set in “Manual for National Sampling Survey on Hypertension in 1991”, 5 171 permanent residents aged more than 15 years in Macao area were investigated and their blood pressure measured with standardized methods and under strict quality control. Results The survey showed that crude prevalence rate of hypertension was 29.46 percent in Macao, 20.45 percent after standardization, and it should be categorized into a hypertension prevalent area based on the domestic criteria for hypertension categorization. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure averaged 17.18 kPa (128.82 mmHg) and 10.86 kPa (81.47 mmHg), respectively, for males and 16.32 kPa (122.38 mmHg) and 10.15 kPa (76.15 mmHg), respectively, for females, higher than those in Guangdong Province and Beijing. Prevalence in males was higher than that in females and it increased more quickly in those more than 35 years old, similar to that in the other areas at home. Prevalence in new immigrants was lower than that in the original residents. Conclusion Hypertension was severely prevalent in Macao area and an important issue in public health not to be ignorant. Health education and health promotion should be strengthened to reach the primary and secondary prevention for it.