中国7省市农村地区4～7岁留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素研究

Study on emotional, behavioral problems and related determinants among stranded children aged 4 to 7 years in the rural areas of China

目的了解中国7省市农村地区留守儿童情绪与行为问题及其影响因素。方法采用长处与困难问卷（SDQ，父母版），对随机选择的3944名农村4～7岁留守儿童看护人进行问卷调查。结果留守儿童情绪与行为问题检出率为43．6％；其中，情绪问题检出率8．3％，品行问题检出率9．5％，多动注意不能检出率8．7％，同伴交往问题检出率18．9％，亲社会行为检出率16．8％。男性留守儿童困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率均高于女性，差异有统计学意义；低年龄组留守儿童SDQ困难总分和各因子异常检出率相对较高，其中，品行问题、多动注意不能和亲社会行为等异常检出率，各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。多因素分析结果表明，留守儿童得到照顾程度、看护人文化程度、看护意愿以及其父母是否按时寄抚养费等因素与其隋绪和行为问题有关。结论农村留守儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高，留守儿童心理健康问题值得关注。

Objective To understand emotional, behavioral problems and related determinants among rural stranded children and to provide evidence for further psychological support. Methods A total of 3944 caregivers of children in the rural areas and aged 4 to 7 years but without parents around, were randomly selected. Data were collected through Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires （the edition for parents, SDQ）. Results The overall prevalence of children with behavioral/emotional problems was 43.6% among those stranded children including 8.3% having experienced emotional symptoms, 9.5% reported to be displaying ＇conduct＇ problems, 8.7% exhibited significant hyperactivity/inattention, 18.9% experienced peer relationship problems and 16.8% having prosocial behaviors. The prevalence of behavioral/emotional problems was significantly higher in boys than those in girls and in lower age groups. Significant differences were also found in conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behaviors （P〈0.01）. The result from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as education level and motivation of the caregivers as well as financial support from the parents were related to emotional/ behavioral problems among the stranded children. Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was high among children living the rural areas but without their parents around which should call for psychological intervention.