职业体育俱乐部竞争实力均衡的基本假设及度量

Hypothesis and Measurement on the Competitive Balance of Professional Sports Club

基于职业体育的生产特性,依托现代经济学分析方法,有针对性地分析职业体育为何要达成竞争实力均衡、达成均衡的基本假设以及如何度量均衡三个问题。研究结论显示:一个竞争实力均衡的联赛,能实现激励在位俱乐部努力、满足消费者福利、降低竞争者进入威胁,从而最终实现联赛的财政稳定和健康发展;联赛水平越高,对竞争实力均衡的要求越高;俱乐部市场规模、优秀运动员的供给弹性、俱乐部的目标函数以及球迷偏好的差异引致均衡状态的改变;根据衡量比赛结果不确定性纬度的不同,度量竞争实力均衡的方法有多种,其中,HHI不仅适合不同记分方式的联赛,满足动、静态研究的需要,而且数据的采集和处理相对比较简单,不失为一种有效的衡量方法。

Based on economic method and production characteristics of professional sports, this paper analyzes the meaning, mechanism, the impact of variables and measurement on competitive balance of professional sports. The result showed that a competitive balance in the sports league, not only to actively promote the club＇s internal incentive effects and the club＇s efforts, but also to form a common share of profits of the commonwealth which effectively safeguarding the league financial stability and long- term development. There are many impacts of varia- bles：the market size of club, the supply elasticity of talent, the objectives of the clubs and the spectator preferences. It is difficult to measure the competitive balance of a league, or even that of two clubs. Generally speaking, the Herfindahl-- Hirschman Index is the best of methods that not only suitable for different ways of keep the score of league, and also satisfy the research of the dynamic and static analysis.