高校学生道德困境研究:日常德性的视角

Study on real-life moral dilemmas among university students:Everyday morality perspective

以45位本科生和硕士研究生为对象,采用日常德性的视角,考察高校学生在日常生活中亲历的道德困境,重点探讨个人日常道德困境的内容,以及他们对个人日常道德困境的解读和处理。结果表明(1)个人日常道德困境多数不同于假设性的公正取向的道德困境。人们对各类个人日常道德困境的解读和阐释存在个体差异。道德内容主要取决于人们所强调的问题。(2)人们所主张的有助于处理日常道德困境的策略与他们在生活中实际采用的策略是有差异的。在真实的道德选择和决定中,会有更多利己和实用的考虑。此外,人们对道德行为的判断多倚重对行为后果(特别是伤害性后果)的考虑。

Taking everyday morality perspective, the present study dedicates itself to investigate the real-life moral dilemmas university students personally have experienced in their everyday lives. 45 undergraduate students and postgraduate students participated in this study. The foci in this study were on what issues people perceived their real-life moral dilemmas as involving as well as how they resolved the conflicts inherent in these issues. The findings indicated that （1） most of real-life moral dilemmas were different from the hypothetical dilemmas involving conflicts between moral norms. Moral content lied mainly in the issues people addressed. Individuals differed in both how many issues and what issues they read into or saw in different types of real-life moral dilemmas. （2） the appropriate strategies people advocated for handling moral problems wore somewhat different from those they applied in their real-life moral dilemmas. In particular, there wore more self-serving and pragmatic concerns in real-life moral decision. In addition, people relied on consideration of consequences especially harm when evaluating moral actions.