2008年欧洲杯足球赛运动员年龄、比赛场次与身体形态特征研究

Analysis on Characteristics of Football Players' Age,Times for Competition and Body Physique in the 2008 European Cup

运用文献资料调研、数理统计法,从平均数特征、位置平均数特征及结构特征3个方面对2008年欧洲杯足球赛运动员的年龄、比赛场次、身高、体重、克托莱指数5个指标进行比较分析。结果表明:不同位置运动员平均年龄存在显著性差异(P<0.05),平均身高、体重、克托莱指数存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而平均比赛场次不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同档次球队运动员的5项基本指标不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同档次球队守门员运动员的平均身高存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其他4项指标不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);后卫、中场和前锋运动员的5项指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);欧洲杯运动员5项指标的结构特征都具有较好的正态分布效果,说明欧洲顶尖足球运动员在年龄、比赛场次、身高、体重和克托莱指数5个方面已经达到相对稳定和平衡的状态。建议根据此结果,结合我国足球实际情况,制定与欧洲优秀足球运动员相适应的选材、培养和训练模式。

Through using the method of literature review, mathematical statistics, from the mean value characteristic, the position mean value characteristic and the structure characteristic, this paper makes deeply analysis on five parameters ： the age, times for competition, height, weight and the gram request Lai index of the football players in 2008 European Cup. The result shows that the average age of the players in different places of a competition are remarkably different （P〈0.05）, and there exist significant difference on the average height, weight and the gram request Lai index （P〈0.01）, but there has no significant differences of the average times for competitions among players in different level groups （P〉0.05 ）;the average height of goalkeepers in different level groups varies much while no remarkable differences are there among the other four indexes （P〉0.05）, there has no significant difference of all the five indexes among the guards, midfielders and forwarders （P〉0.05 ）. Structure characteristics of the five indexes of European Cup players have the normal distribution effect. It suggested that European first-class football players has all formed the relatively stable remarkable characteristic in age, times for competition, height, weight and the gram request Lai index. According to the results, it is recommended that we establish the selecting, cultivating and training mode by combining with the practical condition of our football and enable it to be in accord with the European football players.