鄂伦春族猎民体质与心理健康现状及相关研究

A Research on Physical and Mental Health Status of Hunters of Ethnic Orogens

直至20世纪50年代初期,鄂伦春族还保持着几乎原始的迁徙游猎的社会形态,定居和"禁猎"后,鄂伦春族实现了彻底的文化转型,跨越式的社会发展给他们带来了极大的不适应,这一系列的问题直接影响到他们的身心健康状况。我们运用测量法、数理统计法、问卷法、逻辑分析法和文献资料法对172位鄂伦春族猎民的身体形态、身体机能、身体健康以及心理健康状况进行了研究。结果表明鄂伦春族成年猎民的身高随年龄的增长而降低,体重随年龄的增长而增加。女子的体重偏重。男性上肢力量和女性的腰腹力量较差。鄂伦春族成年人的心理健康状况较差。其中女性的心理健康水平要低于男性的心理健康水平,尤其是在躯体化、强迫症、焦虑和敌对4个维度上具有显著的差异;低年龄组鄂伦春族成年人的心理健康水平显著好于高年龄组的心理健康水平;高学历群体的心理健康水平高于低学历群体的心理健康水平。通过相关分析发现鄂伦春族成年人的体质健康与心理健康具有显著的相关性。

The ethnic Orogens still maintained almost a kind of primitive social pattern of hunting and migratory until the early 1950s. After their settling-down and ban of hunting,the ethnic Orogens have gone through a thorough cultural transformation,and this social development by leaps and bounds brought them great mal-adaptation, which directly affected their physical and mental health. The authors have studied the figure, physical function and physical and mental health of 172 hunters of the ethnic Orogens by means of measurement, mathematical statistics, questionnaires ,logical analysis and literature review. The results show that the adult hunters＇ height in the ethnic Orogens decreases as their age grows while their weight increases. Women＇s weight normally is heavier than the average level, and the extremity strength of the upper body in men and women＇s belly strength are weak. The mental health status of adults is not very satisfactory and the level of women＇s mental health is lower than men＇s, with significant differences especially in the four dimensions of somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and hostility. The mental health level of younger adults and highly educated groups is significantly better than that of older adults and poorly educated groups. In conclusion, there is conspicuous correlation between the physical health and mental health of the adults of the ethnic Orogens.