对足球运动员比赛中不同时相疲劳产生机理的分析

An Analysis of Mechanism of Soccer Players' Fatigue in Different Phasein the Games

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、比较分析法等,运用运动生理学与运动生物化学等关于运动性疲劳的理论,通过研究足球运动员在比赛中不同时段产生疲劳的机理,并从实战的角度针对不同时段疲劳提出相应的解决对策,从而为减少足球运动员在比赛中因为出现疲劳而影响其运动表现的情况。通过研究发现,比赛中疲劳出现在3个时相:短时间高强度运动的即刻、在下半场比赛的开始阶段及比赛的结束阶段。在比赛中不同时刻的疲劳,生理学机制也不相同。暂时性疲劳可能与肌肉离子动态平衡的紊乱有关,这主要符合"突变学说"。下半场开始的几分钟运动能力的降低可以理解为肌肉温度明显下降所造成,而与疲劳产生机制无关。比赛结束阶段的疲劳可能是由肌纤维内糖元损耗过多引起,同时热环境下的脱水与体温过高也是重要原因,这符合"衰竭学说"与"内环境失调"理论的主要观点。因此,优秀球员在比赛中高强度运动能力的下降,是由不同的疲劳机制造成的。

By means of literature review, logical analysis and comparative analysis, with the theories regarding athletic fatigue in sports physiology and sports biochemistry, the authors have studied the mechanism of soccer players＇ fatigue in the different phase of the games and proposed relative countermeasures for the fatigue from practical point of view. The purpose of the research is to reduce the instances of players ＇ low-level performance due to fatigue in the games. After the research, it can be found that in soccer games, fatigue occurs in three different stages：during the short period of high intensity movement;at the starting period of the second half competition and in the finishing period of games. The weariness at different periods in games has different physiological mechanism as well. Temporary fatigue is a possible result from the disorder of automated equilibrium of the muscle ion, which mainly conforms to ＂the sudden change theory＂. The performance reduction at the start of the second half competition may be considered as a result of the obvious muscle temperature drop, and has nothing to do with the fa tigue mechanism. The excessive glycogen losses by the muscle fiber have caused the fatigue in the finishing period while dehydration in the hot environment and high body temperature may also be the important reasons, ich conform to the major views of ＂crock up theory＂ and ＂imbalance of inner body theory＂. So, fatigue or impaired performance in soccer players is caused by different mechanisra.