材料生命周期的评价研究

Research of Materials Life Cycle Assessment

材料的生产、制备、使用及废弃过程消耗了大量的能源与资源,同时也造成了环境的恶化。生命周期评价作为一种重要的环境管理工具,不仅能够对材料或产品全生命周期所涉及的环境问题进行评价,而且更重要的价值在于运用生命周期思想能为可持续发展决策提供依据,促使产品、行业甚至整个产业链的行为更符合可持续发展的原则。然而,生命周期评价方法本身还有待于进一步的完善。在实际应用方面,需要与国家的工业技术水平和经济发展阶段等具体情况相结合,才能够充分发挥出该方法的现实作用。介绍了近年来中国材料生命周期评价研究在数据质量、评价方法的本地化、数据库等方面所取得的最新进展。

For the production, manufacture, application, and disposal of materials, numerous energy and resources are consumed, and environment deterioration occurs as a result. Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） is a technique for systematically analyzing a target from cradle-to-grave. It is an effective tool that not only gives a detailed information of environmental profiles of a material or a product, more importantly, the value of life cycle thinking lies in its ability to provide the decision-making basis for sustainable development, making the products, industry and even the whole industry chain act more in line with the principles of sustainable development. However, life cycle assessment method itself has yet to be further improved. In the aspect of the actual application, it is required to combine with the specific conditions, such as the national level of industrial technology and the phases of economic development, before giving a full play of the realistic role so that life cycle assessment can provide decision-making basis for sustainable development. Some new progress, such as data quality, methodology localization, database and case study, which related to materials life cycle assessment research and development in China are introduced in this article.