哈尔滨方言状态词缀的类型学特征——兼与周边的满语等语言对比

The Typological Feature of Status Affix in Harbin Dialects——And Contrast with Manchu and other Languages Surrounding

哈尔滨方言中的状态词缀为单音节词缀或多音节词缀,其主要特点是词根、词缀结构松散,词根可以单独使用而词义基本不变,词缀位置固定、缺少独立性,无实际意义,只描摹某种状态。与周边的满语等语言的词缀类型对比,哈尔滨方言状态词缀有独特的读音规律和语用含义,是一种介于构词词缀与构形词缀之间的语用词缀。

State affix in Harbin dialects could be monosyllable or polysyllable. The structure of root and affix are incompact. Having no verily meaning and only describing some kind of status, the affix which has fixed position and is lack of independency, whereas the root could be used separately with the meaning un- changed. Compared with the affix in Manchu and other languages around, Harbin dialect status affix which has unique pronunciation regulation and pragmatics meaning is the pragmatic affix situated between lexical affix and inflectional affix.