乾隆时期满族的民族意识与长白山

National Consciousness of Manchu and the Changbai Mountain in the Reign of Emperor Qianglong

满族自古以来生活在白山黑水之间,以长白山为民族发祥地的认识,不仅普遍存在于满族民间的整体民族意识之中,也表现在官方对这种意识的肯定与发扬上。当满族作为一个"自觉"的民族出现在历史舞台上的时候,这种民族意识得到了更为充分地发扬。除了满族在入关之前乃至清初这种意识被彰显之外,到了满族鼎盛时期的乾隆朝,乾隆皇帝所取种种举措,强化这种民族渊源意识,使其得到系统地总结和延续。以长白山为满族发祥地的民族意识,也更加成为了这个民族存在与发展的精神家园,成为满族意识的核心,也成为满族能够自立于民族之林的精神支柱。

Manchu has been living in the Northeast of China from of old. Both the folk and authority of Manchu think Changbai Mountain as their cradle. This kind of national consciousness from Manchu has been fully developed when appearing on the stage of history as a self-conscious nationality. This national conscious- ness had been highlighted even before Manchu＇s entering the Shanhai Pass to the early Qing Dynasty. Besides, Emperor Qianglong had made various steps to strengthen it The National consciousness taking the Changbai Mountain as its cradle, has not only become the spirit place and conscious core for existing and developing but also become spiritual pillar for Manchu to stand on their own among all nationalities.