当今最先进的镍冶炼技术——奥托昆普直接镍熔炼工艺

State of the art in nikel smelting:direct Outokumpu nickel technology

对近十几年的奥托昆普直接镍熔炼(DON-Direct Outokumpu Nickel)方法的作业经验(包括对环境的显著影响)进行了回顾。在DON工艺中,闪速熔炼炉中直接产出含铁低的高品位冰镍,不需要进一步吹炼。熔炼炉渣中的有价金属在电炉中以含铁冰镍回收。DON炉中产出的低熔点高品位冰镍(尤其是那些含铜低的),对炉子设计提出了挑战,特别是对炉膛和热工的设计。参考产出的冰镍,对DON工艺、电炉冰镍及高氧化镁炉渣的热力学模型的选择结果进行了总结,对闪速炉和电炉的设计原则也进行讨论。

Experience of the direct Outokumpu nikel（DON） smelting process gained over the first ten years of operation is reviewed,including the significant environmental impacts.In the DON process,high grade nikel matte of low iron content is produced in the flash smelting furnace directly without subsequent converting.The metal values in the smelting slag are recovered in an electric furnace as an iron containing Ni matte.The low melting copper,have challenged furnace design,in particular in the hearth and its thermal engineering.Selected results of thermodynamic modeling of DON and electric furnace matte and high magnesia slags are reviewed,with reference to the matte produced.The design principles of the flash furnace and electric furnace are also discussed.