苏联时期哈萨克斯坦伊犁-巴尔喀什湖流域开发述评

Commentary on the Development of Kazakhstan Ili-Balkhash Basin During the Soviet Period

位于哈萨克斯坦境内的巴尔喀什湖对于局地气候调节和流域社会经济发展都起着重要的作用,然而20世纪中后期伊犁-巴尔喀什湖流域内人类活动的加剧造成地区突出的生态环境问题。介绍了苏联时期哈萨克斯坦在该流域内的开发活动对巴尔喀什湖水量、水质的影响,分析了该湖水文状况的变化所产生的生态环境效应与社会经济效应。同时指出,应客观看待这一问题,并且加强国家间的合作以共同寻求解决方法。

Located in Kazakhstan, Balkhash Lake plays an important role in regulating the local climate and the social and economic development in this basin. The increasing development of Kazakhstan in the mid and late 20th century resulted in more and more serious eco-environmental problems. The paper first introduces the influence of the developing activities on the water quantity and quality, and then analyzes the environmental and social economic effect brought by the change of the hydrological condition in this basin during the Soviet period. It concludes that this problem should be addressed objectively and the cooperation between countries to solve this problem need be enhanced.