青海玉树隆宝地区生态环境动态变化研究

The dynamic change research of ecological environment in Longbao region of Yushu state in Qinghai

选取青海省玉树州隆宝地区9 252 km2范围,1990—2004年15年间遥感影像处理数据资料,采用实证分析法和灰色关联度分析法分析了气候变化尺度下隆宝地区生态环境变化与气候因子间的关联度。得出:隆宝地区生态环境处于明显的不稳定状态,生态类型转化十分明显,最具代表湿地生态类型的湖泊和沼泽面积均呈缩减状态,沼泽缩减速度为487.3 hm2/a。不同生态类型面积变化与气象因子中的气温因子关联度大的有河流、沼泽、灌草过渡带、不宜林草地;与气温、冻土关联度大的是湖泊;与气温、蒸发关联度大的是其他水域;与气温、降水关联度大的是草地和裸岩;与气温、蒸发、冻土关联度大的是永久雪地冰川;与气温、降水、蒸发、冻土关联度都大的是宜林草地和滩涂,只与冻土关联度大的是灌木林生态类型。

The study selected the areas of 9 252 km^2 in Longbao region of Yushu state in Qinghai and 15 years remote sensing image data from 1990 to 2004. The correlation between changes of ecological environment in Longbao region under the scale of climate change and climate factors was analyzed by means of evidence analysis and gray correlation analysis. The results showed that the ecological environment of Longbao r types was remarkable, egi th on was in an obvious instable condition, the transformation of ecological e area of lake and marsh which were the most representative factors of the wetland ecotype had been reduced, and the reducing rate of marsh was 487.3 hm^2/a. The area changes of different ecological types such as rivers, marshes, transit area of shrub grassland and unsuitable forest grassland were more correlative with temperature, and lakes were more correlative with temperature and frozen earth, other waters were more correlative with temperature and evaporation, grassland and uncovered rock were more correlative with temperature and precipitation, permanent snow or glaciers were more correlative with temperature, evaporation and frozen earth. The grassland suitable for forestry and shoal were all associated with precipitation, evaporation and the frozen earth. The shrubbery ecotype was only correlative with frozen earth.