玉米黑束病产量损失及品种抗病性鉴定

Yield loss and identification of variety resistance to black bundle of maize

玉米Zea mays黑束病Acrimonium strictum抗、感病品种影响产量构成的因素是病株不形成雌穗或穗粒数减少及千粒重降低,病株平均损失率66.0%。耐病品种则主要是穗粒数减少,病株平均损失率14.7%。2005-2006年通过土壤接菌共鉴定1 382份玉米品种(系),其中未发病1 097份,占79.3%;高抗5份,抗病5份,各占0.36%,耐病15份,占1.08%,感病27份,占2.0%,高感233份,占16.9%。而且对茎秆体内还原糖、全磷、全氮、粗蛋白含量与品种(系)抗病性的关系进行了初步测试研究。

The resistant and susceptible varieties of maize to Acrirnonium stricturn had different yield. Infected plants could not form female ears or decreases of grain number per ear and 1 000-grainweight. The average yield loss was up to 66.0%. The yield loss for disease tolerant variety was mainly caused by the decrease of grain number per ear, and the average yield loss was 14.7 %. Soil inoculation test was applied to 1 382 maize accessions in 2005 and 2006. It was showed that 1 097 accessions or 79.3% were not infected, 5 were highly resistant and another 5 were resistant accessions, each accounting for 0.36%; 15 accessions were disease tolerant and accounting for 1.08%; 27 （2.0%） were sensitive accessions; 233 accessions or 16.9% were highly sensitive. Meanwhile, preliminary study was conducted on the relationships between the content of stem reductive sugar, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, coarse protein and disease resistance of varieties.