北京地区独本菊品种资源及花型和花色分布研究

Flower Type and Color Distribution of Single-stem Chrysanthemum Cultivars in Beijing Area

经过多年的实地调查和记录,统计到北京地区的常见独本菊品种1001个;根据《中华人民共和国菊花品种DUS测试指南》的要求,对这些品种进行测试分析。根据中国菊花研究会制定的品种分类标准进行品种数量统计结果表明:各种瓣型中,平瓣类(42%)和管瓣类(33%)品种数量最多,桂瓣类(2%)较为稀少;在各种花型中,叠球型205个、翻卷型97个和卷散型86个,而管球型和全桂型仅各有1个品种,极为珍贵;花色以白色、黄色居多,红色、绿色和橙色等花色在菊花品种中较为稀少,仅有翻卷型、卷散型、钩环型和管盘型花色齐全。目前生产中仍然存在大量品种名称混杂的现象,现行的菊花品种分类系统无法将这些品种区分开来。根据上述调查结果,提出需要对珍稀花型和花色品种加以特殊保护,对现行分类体系进行修正的建议,并阐述了未来引种和育种可能的发展方向,以期为菊花品种资源的可持续开发和利用提供参考。

Through the author ＇s survey and register in 6 year, we got 1 001 cultivars of chrysanthemum in Beijing and analyzed them according to the（ guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness,homogeneity and stability in China ）. The results showed：the flat-petaled gro up（42% ） and quilled-petal group （33 %） took the most part of cultivars, whereas the anemone-petal group（2 %） had even less cuhivars. The globular types （205）, reflexed types （97） and Mobile-petaled Types （86）had the most cultivars in all flower types, but the tubular-globular types and the whole anemone types only had one rare cultivar. The white（23 %）and the yellow cultivars（21 %）were the two greatest teams in eight colors, where- as the purple, red, green and orange cultivars were much fewer. Only the reeflexed types, mobile-petaled types, open bead types and tubular-pan types had all eight colors. Additionally, the present chrysanthemum classification system couldn＇t distinguish the cultivars which were mistaken in the production. At the basis of the research,we suggested pro- tecting the cultivars with the rare types and colors, modifying the classification system,correct the confusion on naming, expounding the future direction of the introduction and breading for long and healthy development of chrysanthemum.