地震中有无亲属遇难群体的人格、心身健康及应对方式特点比较

Comparison of Personality,Physical and Mental Health,and Coping Style between Non-folk-died andFolk-died Victims in Earthquake

目的:探讨地震中有无亲属遇难群体的人格、心身健康及应对方式差异,为有针对性展开危机干预提供理论依据。方法:选取来自北川县、安县及曲县等重灾区的181名灾民,用修订的人格、应对方式及心身健康量表进行测查。结果:有亲属遇难者在合群、信任、乐观人格维度上得分均低于无亲属遇难者[(3.85±0.80)vs.(4.11±0.55),(3.69±0.54)vs.(3.90±0.61),(3.15±0.76)vs.(3.59±0.69),均P<0.05];有亲属遇难者心身健康量表各维度得分均高于无亲属遇难者(除自我效能维度外)[如抑郁:(3.18±1.01)vs.(2.49±0.95),P<0.05];有亲属遇难者在退避、自责及幻想上得分均高于无亲属遇难者[如退避:(3.36±0.92)vs(2.92±0.92),均P<0.05]。回归分析表明,乐观、敏感人格特征和自责、退避、合理化、幻想应对方式与有亲属遇难者的心身健康相关(β=-0.30,0.14,0.33,0.17,0.23,0.20,均P<0.05);想象、乐观、自律、信任人格特征和退避、自责应对方式与无亲属遇难者的心身健康相关(β=0.27,-0.27,0.18,-0.16,0.39,0.22,均P<0.01)。结论:有亲属遇难群体不良的人格特征变得更突出、心身更不健康,应对方式更消极,要重点干预。

Objective： To compare the differences of personality, physical and mental health, and coping style between Non-folk-died and Folk-died victims in earthquake. Method： A total of 181 victims in earthquakestricken areas were interviewed with three questionnaires, including the revised personality, coping style and psychosomatic health scale. Results： The victims with folk dying reported lower collaboration, faith, and optimism than victims with non-folk died [ （3.85±0.801 vs. （4.11±0.55）, （3.69±0.54） vs. （3.90±0.61）, （3.15 ±0. 76） vs. （3.59 ±0. 69）, P〈0. 05] . The victims with folk dying reported higher scores in each dimensionality of psychosomatic health questionnaires than victims with non-folk died [ such as depression： （3. 18 ± 1.01 ） vs. （2.49 ± 0.95 ）, P 〈 0.05 ], excepted for self-efficacy. For coping style, the victims with folk died were easier to retreat, self-abuse and fantasy than non-folk-died victims [ such as retreat： 13.36 ± 0. 92 ） vs. （ 2. 92 ± 0. 92 ）, P = 0. 001 ] . The result of multiple regression analysis showed that optimism, sensitivity personality characteristics （ β = - 0. 30, 0. 14, P 〈 0. 05 ） and remorse, retreat, rationalization, fantasy coping styles （ β = 0. 33, 0. 17, 0. 23, 0. 20, P 〈 0. 05 ） had influenced on folk-died victims＇ psychosomatic health, but the factors which influenced non-folk-died victims＇ psychosomatic health included vision, optimism, self-discipline, faith personality characteristics （ β = 0.27, - 0. 27, 0. 18, - 0. 16, Ps 〈 0.01 ） and retreat, self-abuse, and coping styles （β =0.39, 0.22, Ps 〈 0.01） . Conclusion： Folk-died victims might attain some ill personality characteristics because of earthquake and folk dying. Their psychosomatic health and coping styles are more negative. Therefore, psychological crisis intervention should be pay more attention to folk-died victims.