人种学研究方法的认识论基础

On the Epistemology Reasons of Ethnographic Research Method

在社会科学的研究中,人种学的研究方法具有明显的认识论优势。这里所说的认识论是指对人类实际认识过程的描述与分析。人种学研究收集数据的主要手段是参与式观察和非结构性访谈,遵循的是归纳逻辑,坚持研究者对所研究的现象不推测、不干涉的原则,保证了研究现象的原初状态;同时,人种学研究强调研究者的在场和参与,这种田野研究也保证了研究结果更符合生活世界的真相。

Ethnographic research method has some remarkable epistemological reasons in social science research. Here epistemology is defined as description and analysis to human＇s real cognition process. The main methods to acquire data of ethnographic research include participant observation and non-structure interview, and it follows induction logic, persists the principle that researchers should not conjecture or influence natural phenomenon, and all these contribute the validity of ethnographic research. Moreover, ethnographic research emphasize researchers＇ participation and presenting in authentic context, and this field research guarantees the more homology of research outcome to reality of live world.