新《保险法》下说明义务之履行

Execution of the declaration obligation under the new Insurance Law

保险人说明义务的立法经过了一个逐渐完善的过程,新《保险法》以保护被保险人利益为目标,对说明义务作了更加严格的规定。原《保险法》中的"责任免除条款"修改为"免除保险人责任的条款"之后,保险人的说明范围大大扩展,包括不负赔付责任的条款、限制责任条款和涉及特定责任的条款。在说明方式上,宜采取书面解释与询问说明相结合的方式,以加强说明义务的可操作性和可证明性。同时,保险人的说明程度宜采取"理性外行人标准"。

The legislation on the insurer＇s declaration obligation has gong through a gradual process of improvement. The new Insurance Law, with the purpose of protecting the insured＇s benefits, more stringently promulgates on the insurer＇s declaration obligation. The original Insurance Law＇s ＂Exclusions Provision＂ was amended to be ＂ Provisions on Insurer Liability Exemption＂. As a result, the declaration obligation scope for insurers is significantly expanded to include provisions on exemption of claim payment liabilities, limited liability provision, and specified liability provision. It requires to use both written explanation and inquiry declaration methods to enhance the operationability and proof-giving of the execution of the declaration obligation. Moreover, the level of declaration should be decided according to ＂rational layperson standards＂.