新疆主要栽培杏品种香气成分的研究

Studies on Volatile Constituents in Mainly Cultivated Apricot Native to Xinjiang

采用自动顶空萃取和气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了新疆主要栽培杏品种库车小白杏等14个杏品种的香味成分。结果显示:一共检测到208种香味物质,其中包括酯类物质80种、醛类物质25种、酮类物质21种、醇类物质39种、烯烃类物质27种、酸类物质1种以及15种含量较低的其他物质;乙酸丙酯、乙酸-3-甲基-1-丁酯、(Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯、D-柠檬烯、β-芳樟醇、己醛、乙酸己酯、乙酸丁酯、β-月桂烯、丁酸乙酯、β-顺式-罗勒烯等11种香味物质为参试品种的主要香味物质;不同品种的挥发性香味物质组分及其相对含量不尽相同,分属于华北和中亚种群的不同品种间无明显差异。

Volatile constituents of main apricot cultivars in Xinjiang were studied to provide basic information for production and breeding. The aromatic substances in the fruits of 14 apricot cuhivars, including Kuche Xiaobaixing,Guoxiyuluke,Kuerle Tuoyong,Dayoubai,Heiyexing, Danxing, Kuche Tuoyong, Kuikepiman, Dayoujia, Saimaiti, Kumaiti, Luotuohuang, Mulongxing and Ake Tuoyong, were identified by using headspace solid phase microextraction and GC - MS. Results showed that 208 aromatic components were identified, including 80 kinds of esters, 25 kinds of aldehydes, 21 kinds of ketones, 39 kinds of alcohols, 27 kinds of alkyl substances, one kind of acid substances and 15 kinds of other substances. The main volatile constituents were propyl acetate, 3-methyl-l-butanol, acetate, 3-hexen-l-ol, acetate, （Z）-, D-limonene, β- linalool, hexanal, hexyl acetate, butyl acetate, β-myrcene, ethyl butanoate, β-cis-ocimene. Main volatile components and their relative contents were main differences among these cultivars, and there were no significant difference between the Northern China group and The Central Asian group varieties.