贵州省0～14岁儿童听力障碍流行病学调查

An Epidemiologic Study of Hearing Impairment of children under 14 Years Old in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省0-14岁儿童耳疾和听力障碍现患率、病因和干预需求的情况。方法根据WHO方案,用容量比例概率抽样（PPS）方法调查贵州省30个点人群的听力和耳疾情况,抽取其中0-14岁儿童2 068人的资料进行统计分析。结果0-14岁儿童听力减退现患率为3.48%,听力残疾现患率为1.84%,明显高于国内其他省市水平;7-14岁组听力残疾现患率为2.66%,显著高于0-6岁组（0.51%）;男性儿童听力减退现患率为4.22%,显著高于女性儿童（2.54%）。听力减退的可能原因分别是：耳疾50.00%（其中急慢性中耳炎占37.40%）、非感染因素11.11%、遗传性聋20.83%、病因不明27.77%。3.58%的调查对象需要得到药物或外科手术治疗;2.32%患儿需要佩戴助听器。结论贵州省0-14岁儿童听力残疾现患率高于国内其他省市水平,中耳炎是引起儿童听力障碍的主要病因,且儿童遗传性聋比例也较高。

Objective To undertake a survey on the prevalence,pathogenic factors and treatment needs of hearing impairment in children under 14 years old in Guizhou province.Methods Using the probability proportion to size（PPS） method,2 068 children aged 014 years were included in the study and in 30 clusters in Guizhou province based on the WHO protocol.Results For children aged 014 years,the prevalence of hearing impairment was 3.48% and the prevalence of hearing disability was 1.84%.There were statistically differences of the prevalence of hearing disability between children aged 714 years（2.66%） and 06 years（0.51%）,and the differences also in hearing impairment between male children（4.22%） and female children（2.54%）.The main causes of hearing impairment were ear diseases（50.00%）,non-infective conditions（11.11%）,genetic conditions（20.83%） and unknown causes（27.77%）.3.58% of all subjects needed medical or surgical treatment and 2.32% needed hearing aids.Conclusion The prevalence of hearing disability of children under 14 years old in Guizhou province was higher than that of other cities.The main cause of the hearing impairment of children was otitis media with hereditary deafness also ranked in top.