北京市居民听力残疾主要原因调查分析

An Analysis of Causes of Hearing Disability in Beijing Residents

目的了解北京市居民听力残疾的主要致残原因。方法2006年4月1日零时-5月底进行北京市第二次全国残疾人抽样调查,此次调查采用分层、多阶段、整群、概率比例抽样方法对北京市18个区县1 541万常住人口进行抽样,共调查74 795人,其中男性36 753人,女性38 042人;城镇55 773人,农村19 022人。采用分类变量的统计描述方法对调查数据进行致残原因分析。结果北京市居民听力残疾（含多重残疾）的前五位致残原因是：老年性聋、原因不明、全身性疾病、噪声和爆震、中耳炎,其致残率分别为1.10%、0.30%、0.30%、0.20%和0.17%。0-14岁听力残疾（含多重残疾）人群的主要致残原因为遗传、原因不明和其他;15-59岁听力残疾（含多重残疾）人群的主要致残原因为原因不明、药物中毒、中耳炎;60岁及以上听力残疾（含多重残疾）人群的主要致残原因为老年性聋、全身性疾病、噪声和爆震及原因不明。男女性以及城乡听力残疾（含多重残疾）人群的首位致残原因均为老年性聋。结论老年性聋、全身性疾病、噪声和爆震以及中耳炎是北京市居民听力残疾（含多重残疾）的主要致残原因。

Objective To study the main causes of hearing disability in Beijing residents.Methods The second national sample survey on disability of China was carried out in Beijing on April 1,2006.Multiphase,stratified,proportional and cluster samplings were adopted to investigate 74 795 residents in Beijing,including 36 753 males and 38 042 females.55 773 were urban residents while 19 022 from rural areas.The method of descriptive study was used to analyze the data of hearing disabitity in Beijing.Results Top five causes of hearing disability（including multiple disabilities） in Beijing were presbycusis,unknown,systematic diseases,noise induced,and otitis media.The prevalence was 1.10%,0.30%,0.30%,0.20% and 0.17%,respectively.Heredity,unknown and others were the main causes of children under 014 years.Unknown,ototoxicity,and otitis media were the main causes of people aged 1559 years.Presbycusis,systematic diseases,noise induced and unknown were main causes of people aged 60 years and older.Presbycusis was the top cause of hearing disability for male and female residents as well as people live in urban and rural areas in Beijing.Conclusion Presbycusis,unknown,systematic diseases,noise induced,and otitis media were main causes of hearing disability（including multiple disabilities） in Beijing.