论高粱的抗旱性及在旱区农业中的地位

Discussion on Drought Resistance of Sorghum and Its Status in Agriculture in Arid and Semiarid Regions

本文以笔者研究组多年研究结果为基础,以玉米为主要参比作物,就干旱逆境下高粱的产量表现、水分利用及抗旱特性进行了论述。认为高粱是一种综合抗旱能力很强的作物,尤其具有低耗水、高水分利用效率特性,其耐旱性显著高于玉米,也高于谷子和苜蓿,属于一种典型的模式抗旱作物,具有重要的生产和研究价值。指出高粱作为抗逆性很强的粮饲酿兼用作物,特别是作为一种能源植物,仍具良好的发展前景。建议今后在降水量低于450mm、热量可满足生长的地区扩大高粱种植面积,同时加强对其整体抗旱性机理及抗旱基因组的研究。

Based on authors＇ research results and taking maize as the main reference crop, the paper discussed the yield performance, water utilization and drought resistance of sorghum under drought stress environment. Sorghum is regarded as a crop having strong and comprehensive ability of coping with drought, especially low water consumption and high water use-efficiency characteristics. The drought tolerance of sorghum is significantly higher than maize, millet and alfalfa. Sorghum is a typical drought-resistant model crop, which has important values for production and research. The paper also discussed the reasons for the sharp declining in total planting areas of sorghum, and pointed out that as a multifunctional crop possessing high stress resistibility, sorghum can be used for food, fodder, the production of beverages, as well as biofuels, which indicates its favorable developmental prospects. To bring more land under cultivation for sorghum at the regions where the rainfall is lower than 450mm and heat is satisfiable for growth, and strengthen the investigations about drought-resistant mechanism in whole and drought-resistant genome were proposed.