高山绣线菊提取物对几种植物真菌的抑制活性及其活性成分

An Antifungal Active Component from Spiraea alpina to Plant Fungi

【目的】研究高山绣线菊(Spiraea alpina)对植物病原真菌的抑制活性,从高山绣线菊中分离纯化新的抗真菌化合物。【方法】以水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、小麦赤霉病菌(Gibberella zeae)、稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzea)和玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)为供试菌种,进行生物活性导向的创新农药筛选。将高山绣线菊叶乙醇提取物依次用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇和甲醇进行萃取,选择较高抑菌活性的乙酸乙酯萃取物大柱粗分、小柱细分,得到一种抗真菌活性成分。采用高分辨质谱、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振波谱(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,135°-DEPT和HMBC)法对其进行结构解析。【结果】从高山绣线菊中分离得到一种新化合物6-O-(3',4'-二羟基-2'-甲烯基-丁酰基)-1-O-反式-肉桂酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖,其对水稻纹枯病菌和玉米大斑病菌的生长具有一定的抑制作用,作用浓度为0.3mg·ml-1时,抑制率分别为87.6和63.2%。【结论】高山绣线菊叶乙醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌和玉米大斑病菌具有一定的抑制作用,高山绣线菊中含有新的抗植物病原真菌化合物。

[ Objective ] To exploit the antifungal new active components from Spiraea alpina against phytopathogenic fungi. [Method] Different fractions of antifungal ethanol extract from the leaves of Spiraea alpina were obtained with different polarities of solvents such as petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol. Guided by the inhibitory activities detection of Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella zeae, Pyricularia oryzea and Exserohilum turcicum, the main antifungal component from the strongest antifungal fraction was separated by medium pressure preparation chromatogram and column chromatography, and the structure was analyzed by HR-MS, ultraviolet-vis, infra-red, ^1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 135-degree DEPT and HMBC spectrums. [Result] A new compound named 6-O-（3＇,4＇-dihydroxy-2＇-methylene-butyroyl）-1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose was found as a major fungal growth inhibitor, which performed an inhibitory rate to R. solani and E. turcicum, 86.7% and 63.2% at 0.3 mg.mlj, respectively. [Conclusion] The EtOH extract from Spiraea. alpina had some inhibitory activities on R. solani and E. turcicum, and studies on Spiraea. alpina would give some more new fungitoxic metabolites.