王浆高产蜜蜂和原种意大利蜜蜂雄蜂卵期发育蛋白质组分析

Comparative Analysis of Proteome Between Drone Eggs of High Royal Jelly Producing Bees (Apis mellifera L.) and Native Italian Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

【目的】比较王浆高产蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.，浆蜂）与原种意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.原意）雄蜂卵期3d发育阶段蛋白质组的特点。【方法】根据双向电泳所得表达谱，对两个蜂种雄蜂卵期发育的蛋白质的种类、等电点、分子量和表达量进行分析。【结果】浆蜂雄蜂卵期所表达的蛋白数（332、377和339）显著的高于相应日龄原意雄蜂卵期3个日龄所表达的蛋白数（283、305和293）（P〈0．05），其中在两蜂种3个日龄共同表达的蛋白数为254个。通过雄蜂卵期3d发育过程蛋白质表达谱的比较，两个蜂种分别检测到274、298和285个共有蛋白。在这些共有蛋白中，浆蜂雄蜂分别有54、42和47个蛋白的表达量显著高于（P〈0．05）原意，18、75和61个蛋白显著低于（P〈0．05）原意。同时，浆蜂还检测到58、79和54个特异蛋白，而原种意大利蜜蜂也分别检测到9、7、8个特异蛋白。【结论】浆蜂和原意雄蜂卵期发育的蛋白质组表达谱存在显著差异，但都在2日龄蛋白表达最活跃；两个蜂种雄蜂卵期发育所表达的共有蛋白可能是其发育所必须的管家蛋白，但它们的表达模式存在较大差异，不同日龄的特异蛋白表明雄蜂卵在不同的发育阶段需要不同的蛋白来调控；浆蜂和原意雄蜂卵期表达的特异蛋白是否是与王浆高产相关的功能蛋白，有待进一步的研究。

[ Objective ] The objective of this study is to compare the protein complements of the high producing royal jelly bees （Apis mellifera L.） with the native Italian bees （Apis mellifera L.） during the three days of egg development of the drone bees. [Method] The pI, molecular weight, expression of the dedected protein were analyzed by the profile of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） of the drone at different egg development phases from the two bee strains. [Result] 332, 377 and 339 proteins were detected in the proteome profile of high royal jelly producing drone eggs on day 1, day 2 and day 3, respectively, which was significantly higher than those detected in native Italian drones, 283, 305 and 293 （P〈0.05）, accordingly. Two hundred and fifty-four proteins were resolved at all the images within two bee strains. Meanwhile, 274, 298, 285 proteins presented on day 1, day 2 and day 3 between the two bee strains, respectively. Among them 54, 42 and 47 proteins in high royal jelly producing bees significant higher than those of native Italian bees in expressional volume （P〈 0.05）, respectively; while 18, 75, 61 proteins showed a reverse relations （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, 58, 79, 54 proteins expressed specifically in high production royal jelly bees and 9, 7, 8 in native Italian bees. [ Conclusion ] Significant differences had been found in the drone egg proteome profile between the high royal jelly producing bees and the native Italian bees, while both the two strains express the most active at 2-day-old eggs; The protein expressed at all images suggests that it should be indispensable for drone egg development, but their expression pattern is different within two bee species. The proteins expressed at a specific egg time-piont suggest that different developmental stages need specific proteins to be involved in; A further research will be needed to identify the function of the detected proteins and to investigate whether the specific proteins are related to high royal jelly production.